Logical Fallacies 101, or This is why we can’t have nice discussions
Posted by: Owen S in Uncategorized, tags: Commentary, Community, DiscussionWhen I went and asked if anime was deep, or was it just entertainment, dragging my fellow bloggers into the fray, I knew full what I was getting into. The statement, “Is anime deep, or is it just entertainment?” is flawed in that it makes the unstated assumption that it has to be either/or, which means that those reading the statement have to make a stand for one or another.
Of course, this isn’t exactly the case given how we’re rational, thinking human beings. Anime is the term we give to a medium, like cartoon or live-action shows, and therefore there can be no assigning of values to it in the first place. Why then did I go ahead and use such a misleading statement for a topic in the first place? It’s simple — the statement was my little exercise in social engineering and symbolic interactionism.
Blumer, in his coining of the term, basically states that our reaction to objects are based on what understanding we have of them. This understanding is in turn derived from, or comes as a result of the interaction between our fellow men. We take the understanding of an object, and then use or modify them as circumstances see fit.
Still with me? If not, take the following metaphor, which may or may not help you understand symbolic interactionism better: Assume that I’m stranded on a desert island with savage natives, and I discover fire for the first time. Fire (an object) is something I have no knowledge (understanding) of, until I use it on myself (pain), on raw meat (nourishment), on kindling (light, warmth) or on the natives (other people). When I use it on the natives who are bent on killing me, they derive an understanding from fire that if they proceed with an intent to harm me, they will be hurt (understanding), and fire to them becomes something to be revered, feared even.
How’s this related to the discussion about anime, you ask? I wasn’t as interested in the accuracy of the statement (anime is deep, Y/N?) as I was in the meaning derived from the statement, or what came to mind when people read it, which is why TJ missed the point and failed bigtime when he asked me to relegate viewpoints. Everyone who mattered generally saw through the error of the statement and came up with their original ideas on what it meant to them — cue lengthy, informative posts that fostered healthy discussion all around.

just as planned.
Unfortunately, with opinions come naysayers. The inability to formulate a reasoned argument, when coupled with the desperate urge to be a loud metacritic isn’t a pretty sight to behold. It wouldn’t be so bad, of course, if there weren’t personal attacks or insinuations that all this talk about depth is a veiled attempt at self-glorification (heaven forbid someone discuss something; shocking concept, ain’t it?), but there are dunces, and there are dunces.
Take for example Exhibit A in the corner here. A prime example of Loki’s Wager:
It implies that the only art of merit fulfills a certain deepness, which no one can really define.
Loki’s Wager is a logical fallacy that states that something shouldn’t be discussed if there isn’t a clear definition as to what it is — ridiculous, surely, as it would cover a ridiculous amount of things in the fandom. How do you define moe? Where does bakunyuu begin and end? What exactly constitutes loli? At which point does the tsundere go from tsun to dere? The list goes on, and since there’s no consensus on what “good” or “bad” anime is, why not bring all discussion to a halt while we’re at it?
I find it patently ridiculous that this argument is raised time and again without evident forethought. This is a discussion about anime, not a research laboratory or a courtroom, and things shouldn’t have to be set in stone or defined to a T in order to foster discourse. How does the lack of a common definition about something essentially rooted in personal opinion and immense subjectivity dismiss what my fellow bloggers and I have said? I’m having trouble seeing it myself.
However, even Loki’s Wager as a fallacy seems mild in comparison to what Appeal to motive is in a nutshell, a circumstantial ad hominem. Exhibit A sneaks this in quietly, but there’s no doubt about what it’s trying to say:
First, the need to defend the deepness of something demonstrates an inferiority complex.
Or even Exhibit B, whose wordy exterior belies its shaky ground:
Were all familiar with those fans trying to legitimize the media they adore, and thus themselves, by proxy. Its the result of being fond of popular or low media, and those who hold to one subcultural standard of high culture have the old habits of looking down at those operating in different subcultural standards.
Appeal to motive as a logical fallacy turns the focus from the argument to the one making the argument, and whether or not they have anything to gain from making said argument. Of course, once you realise that it’s all a little diversion, it’s easy to see that the person making the statement really has no point to make with regards to the issue at hand; then again those who resort to it usually don’t.
Assuming there are two people making the same argument; one who stands to gain nothing from the argument he or she is making, and another whose stands to gain something by means of said argument — how does it excuse the fact that by the Appeal to motive’s terms, only the one who gains nothing from making the argument has a valid point? It doesn’t, sadly.
Last but not least, we have a good old straw man in Exhibit B:
Look at the truly lasting classics in the history of literature. Those that have lasted since antiquity, at least a millennium or so. If one were to ignore their venerable status and imagine, just for an instant, that they were written by someone from our modern age, how would we see them? Compare them to deep material produced in recent decades. As were talking about LOL Anime LOL, perhaps I should center my thoughts around this context. What in Beowulf or the Illiad at all resembles Ghost in the Shell?
A perfectly harmless and valid statement, right? Wrong. Read this again:
What in Beowulf or the Illiad at all resembles Ghost in the Shell?
A straw man comes in many forms, shapes, or sizes. A straw man claims victory when there is none, which is what this statement is trying to do with regards to Beowulf or the Illiad, when compared to Ghost in the Shell — exactly how do the two examples of classics measure up to justify its comparison to GITS? How is this a fair comparison to begin with?
Nevermind medium differences, which I’m willing to overlook, why not the comparison to a classic in the same genre, like something from Issac Asimov or Philip K. Dick, or even J.D. Salinger since it’s GITS we’re talking about here? It’s tantamount to comparing something like A Portrait of the Author as a Young Man to Saikano, or Lord of the Rings to Genshiken, which just doesn’t make good sense.
Lest I be accused of taking things out of context, this is the rest of the paragraph:
(Im well aware that any properly educated sophist can over-abstract any narrative to absurd levels; thats not the point of the rhetorical question.) What, exactly, makes these works classic, significant, or meaningful? This isnt to say that they arent, but rather to say that were looking at it the wrong way.
Overlooking the previously mentioned straw man doesn’t even begin to describe how shaky Exhibit B’s comment is. He mentions the “truly lasting classics” as those which have lasted “since antiquity”, and in the next sentence proceeds to contradict himself — trying to make out GITS as not being a classic when it’s barely been around for even half a decade, nevermind a millennium, is reasoning at its worst.
There’s a lot more I could attack here with regards to the two comments I linked to, though I’m sure there’s a lot more of where that came from floating out there, and dissecting them wasn’t the point of this post anyway. It’s easy to sit on your higher than high horse and gloat. It’s even easier to spout non sequiturs and academic jargon in an attempt to browbeat or obfuscate, but I suppose if it was hard no one would be doing it to begin with.







August 5th, 2007 at 7:41 pm
I got lost after the first sentence… or I gave up.
August 5th, 2007 at 10:17 pm
Owen, okay…
Tiem for sum 3-way yaoi.
lolikit X me X Owen yaoi. Disturbing fun for the whole family!
August 5th, 2007 at 10:42 pm
Denied, Drm. You flaming faggot.
Carry on with lolikit though, I heard he likes to receive.
August 6th, 2007 at 12:25 am
Hmm…judging by the first paragraph you knowingly led us into a hailing shitstormfrom which there was no return. Never mind, the fallout’s proving fun to work through. :P
August 6th, 2007 at 3:40 am
How mean of you! Tossing such a tasty slab of topic-meat for all the weeaboos, elitists, retards, and intellects to fight over.
I would also like to say, I am all four of the previously mentioned! I’m someone who gets into fist-fights about anime. ||| ?(???;)? |||????
August 6th, 2007 at 4:50 am
Like mellow, I am totally lost.
August 6th, 2007 at 5:31 am
“Example B” here.
…
Well, I didn’t think of it quite this way. I concede to your reasoning.
I suppose I was just having a conniption fit having been on the receiving end of a good elitist browbeating myself, and got caught up in it.
Reading someone take my comment apart is a humbling, but not altogether unfamiliar experience, though while the technique of my ranting may have been faulty, my sentiment remains.
Q: “Anime is deep, Y/N?”
My Answer: “Why the hell is this question being *asked*? It’s moot!”
Since I don’t usually frequent blogs other than a few favorites, I wasn’t aware that this wasn’t a single blogger’s complaint on another phenomenon, but rather a coordinated mass-blog discussion that I had inadvertently crashed. I suppose this assumption only served to send my aim off even further.
But I still have to take you to task on one line of your post:
Emphasis mine.
Now, to this, I say: There are people who *matter?* On the *Internets?* Blasphemy! =D
And Lord of the Rings may be beloved, but it does have its critics. I can’t speak from a solid position on it myself, but Michael Moorcock makes a case against it:
http://www.revolutionsf.com/article.html?id=953
But maybe that’s just because I happen to be pro-Genshiken.
And…. that’s that.
I feel that I have no choice but to become a regular visitor to your blog now. Feel free to goad me into kicking up a crap-monsoon if you like, I’ll be here a while.
Dorian C. Jasper
August 6th, 2007 at 5:39 am
Double post:
… I also don’t know how to use html. Whoops.
August 6th, 2007 at 6:26 am
Woah, that was…heavy. I thought about adding my bit to the discussion but couldn’t formulate anything noteworthy or insightful, so I just went around and read everyone else’s. Looks like I missed one helluva firefight. O_o I’m just gonna take a step back and enjoy the aftermath. Looking forward to future exercises. XD
August 6th, 2007 at 5:42 pm
[...] But I realized it would be pointless - Owen outlined the inevitable logical fallacies quite nicely here. [...]
August 6th, 2007 at 5:43 pm
I’ve just made an unorthodox response over at my own blog. Ehhh.
August 6th, 2007 at 6:31 pm
Exhibit B here again, extending the life of this topic just a little. A little.
Well, I’m back from a long night of work and I’m just here to clarify what I said. Drudge work gives one a lot of time to think about random things like this. I generally am convinced of your points against my ramblings and I *did* concede them. And I could do so easily because it was my fault for mis-communicating my ramblings in the first place.
I suppose I didn’t make myself very clear, so I hope to explain myself to better explain where I’m coming from. I’ll try to hide my “Dark side,” the contempt I have for the question and the topic that you’ve rightly eviscerated in explaining your “Xanatos Roulette” moment.
(Read: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/XanatosRoulette )
I can’t speak for Exhibit A, but I’m a bit ashamed at having been caught pants down in a greater Mass Naked Blog Event. This time, I’ll write on the assumption that there’s a discussion going on, and that I’m not speaking to a few people in frustration.
First and foremost, I am of the opinion that the perceived depth of a work is secondary in concern to the amount of insight that an individual can glean from said work–this also means that in my opinion, individual experience with a work is more telling than trying to establish a blanket standard of what one’s experience with a work should be. Yes, it’s true, if a work is well-enough received by enough people that there will be enough “individual experience” testimonies as to make an obvious case in a work’s favor, but for an individual this is always secondary to his own experience. If a movie has a 96% Rotten Tomatoes rating, it shows that 96% of those counted reviewers gave it a positive review–a very helpful barometer of quality, but not an absolute guarantee that you, too, will be among the 96%.
I’ve apparently already given my answer to the question you’ve posed in your previous post, and accidentally to boot. But you can see that “What the statement meant” to me, really, was “nothing.” Because I still don’t think a work’s perceived “depth” means all that much compared to individual experience–though the simple raising of the topic was still enough to get me ranting. Which, also, says something. About me, anyways.
Continuing on, from my opinion, belief, conviction, or what-have-you, I based my mad rantings. I find the question, “Is this deep?” to be less useful than the question, “What did I get out of this?”
I find that Ghost in the Shell, in all its incarnations, is deliciously cerebral, sometimes subtle, occasionally profound, and almost always thought provoking. Beowulf or the Illiad, however, are… well, if they were written in modern times, they would be cast aside as “dime-novel fluff.” That’s my assessment of it anyway. And yet they’re the real, honest-to-goodness classics. They’ve stuck with us for ages now–literally.
What about these truly lasting classics at all resemble something as brilliant as Ghost in the Shell? Why the hell do all these people keep writing and talking about them, analyzing and writing essays on them? For all I know, it’s because they’re Old. They’re still good reads, and they say a lot about the cultures that originated them (or, at the least, those are the insights I’d gathered), but they lack the sort of written-in intellectual substance that GitS possesses. Well, I seem to think so. Depth, as described as properties of the works in question, doesn’t seem to matter quite as much as readers’ personal experience with these works and their status (Beowulf and the Illiad, as classics). Granted, my personal experience with the two wasn’t quite as pleasant as what I’d found in GitS, but that’s the way it goes, I guess.
This was a situation where what I considered to be “deep” is compared to works that *I* consider to be more shallow and less thought-provoking, but are classics nonetheless. It’s part of my frustration with the question of “Is this deep?” I think asking whether something is “deep” or not is approaching it the wrong way, because people found something to think about in Homer’s epic see something there in what, at the very least, I thought was something rather shallow and straightforward–if melodramatic. Maybe the Illiad doesn’t *need* to be deep in-that-way. If someone can find some insight, pleasure, or meaning in it, then that’s a point in its favor. As MarshallArts posted after my comment, “the only way something is deep is if you interpret it that way.” Which resonates with my opinion rather nicely.
This one’s about your not-really-serious comparison of Lord of the Rings to Genshiken. I will explain my above comment by saying Genshiken wins my vote. The latter provided both humor and insight into otaku culture, and while the former is both a darned good read and a damned great movie series, I came out of reading and watching Genshiken attached to its characters and smiling in self-contemplation–unlike Lord of the Rings, whose characters and dialogue seems to exist solely to further the plot, and doesn’t give the reader much food for thought outside of its narrative context. Personally, my experience with Genshiken was more satisfying.
So there, on the opposite side of the coin, I felt that the work more widely received as “Deep” and “literary” mattered less to me, on an intellectual and emotional level, than a work that most would consider “just a show/comic about otaku, for otaku.” (Though, the caveat remains that I *am* a bit biased, having considered Moorcock’s points against Tolkien long ago.)
I’m not interested in whether a work is “Deep” or “shallow;” I’m interested in what someone can get from that work, however thoughtful or simple that “what” might be. I like hearing about what people get from works, and I like finding something in a work for myself–though I will consider outside testimonials, they’re always secondary to personal experience. And I’m not here to make any arguments, because everything I’ve said is based on opinion–biased, bloody-bird opinions. Symbolism, multi-layered motivations, and subtlety be damned, I’m an instinctual bastard at heart.
But, despite this, I’ll explain why I cannot fault your assessment of Darker than Black, even as you’ve cited those things I *just now* admitted that I cared little for on their own merits. And it’s based on reading your personal testimony.
In reading your Darker than Black essay, I have to admit, I can’t argue against your case in any meaningful way. (I hadn’t intended to, obviously–I remind you again that I was swept up by accident.) I don’t find that I disagree with your assessment, you make a very compelling case, and towards a show you obviously love. By my take, you got quite a lot from DtB, much more than those others whom you mention as having called it “superficial.” While I might not care much for the tools of literary depth, your opinion made me care about the work you’re defending and to accept those tools as proof supporting your analysis. While I may have thrown myself aside by disrespecting the notion of “depth,” as a result of my perspectives on the matter, I cannot say that I do not agree with your sentiments on some level. After all, you found something regarded by many others as “of little worth,” and you made a very strong case as to why that simply wasn’t the case. You gleaned some insight, and offered your own, on a topic that others seemed to care little about. If that doesn’t jive by my sentiments, I don’t know what will.
And that’s what matters to me, and whether or not you find that “deep or entertaining,” that’s up to you. But I honestly hope your “Just as planned” face is still on, because I *do* want to contribute to the discussion you’ve started and in a manner more meaningful than merely being the clumsy, fallacy-ridden “Exhibit B” you’ve chosen to castigate.
Dorian C. Jasper
PS: Moogy, your deconstruction of this Mass Naked Blog Event sends my head a’ spinnin’. I feel like I’m getting in over my head here.
August 6th, 2007 at 10:18 pm
I’m surprised at the response to what essentially was just a random fun thing to do. And I’m amused at how people overthink things sometimes. :P
August 7th, 2007 at 12:17 am
Moogy: Noted. Will comment shortly.
Dorian Cornelius Jasper: Wow. Okay.
I should clarify at this point that my post didn’t have any, if much at all malicious intent in case you felt slighted at any one point. The tone of voice on the internet can come off as excessively harsh without emoticons to diffuse any possible tension, so yeah. :D
Nothing much to add onto what you said, but I’m wondering where you’re getting the “perceived depth” vibe from, with regards to a post — all the posts, at least the ones with which I coordinated the timing with, don’t take that approach. I’d like to think you read too much into the phrase “anime is deep”, because, for me at any rate, when I call an anime deep it’s usually due to my getting something out of it.
You might be able to see likewise in the six original posts I linked to, and even in the other posts made as a reaction to them. You raise some very valid points theoretically with regards to perceived depth, but in reality? Those who can appreciate depth in an anime usually don’t do so due to the perceived value of it — that’s like hating vegetables but eating them and praising their taste even if you abhor it.
Rather, it’s more common for someone to call something deep for finding meaning, pathos, emotion in it, which is more akin to loving vegetables for their taste, colour, texture, aroma — not because they’re good for you and because you’re told to eat them. At least that’s how I see it.
Thanks for your feedback on the DtB post. I personally didn’t want to take a macro view knowing the rest would be doing something along those lines, and DtB was just begging to be stripped and laid out for all to see. And yes, I’m still wearing that “Just as planned” face.
I’m glad I won you over through this post of mine, in any case. Always pleased to have more people along for the ride. Check out the archives, and hook yourself up with an RSS feed if need be, since I don’t believe in forcing my readers to browse my site if necessary. Full feeds are win.
–
Oh, and if any of you guys, the original six, are reading this? I officially proclaim our exercise a grand success. Will be reading and responding individually to your posts over the next few days, I hope. Let’s make this at least a monthly affair for massive damage, and get more people. The wow starts now.
August 7th, 2007 at 3:48 am
I might have to take “The wow starts now” and save that for some later time. It’s so cheesy it’s awesome. :P
August 7th, 2007 at 9:08 am
Surprisingly for something spawned via the internet, there seems to be some pretty good discussion going on regarding this issue. Good job pointing out that straw man argument; it was pretty subtle. I didn’t even really think about it until you brought that point to light.
One thing I would like to add is that while I agree with your critique of Exhibit B’s “appeal to motive”, I would also point out that that particular argument is not entirely baseless - one reason why it’s bandied about so frequently in this sort of discussion.
While an appeal to motive has no place when you’re dealing with a strictly binary, true or false type of argument, it’s a different story in a discussion such as this where the terms can mean different things to different people, and in which many of the conclusions are largely subjective. In this kind of setting, providing a critique based on motive can be a powerful tool to give insight into how the other parties in the discussion are viewing the issue.
As you’ve already pointed out, a question like ‘Is anime deep?’ inherently contains a degree of subjectivity, and as such I think it’s valid to analyze the motives of someone arguing in either direction. Everyone who participates in a discussion of this sort comes into it with a number of preconceived opinions. An appeal to motive is more than simply ‘a little diversion’; when dealing with an issue that has no clear cut answers it serves as a fundamentally valid method of peeling away those layers of preconceived notions so that the discourse can proceed on a level playing field.
August 7th, 2007 at 1:33 pm
okok w/e can i plz 2 b joinin teh club nao??????
August 7th, 2007 at 2:14 pm
Marmot: o ya suer chek ur emale i cent u sumthin lolxxx gl hf w/it
August 21st, 2007 at 12:04 pm
[...] group discussion episode of the Anime Blogging Circle (ABC(tm)?), incited by none other than Owen. The headache this escapade left me with lasted long enough to postpone my entry to now — [...]